Etiology, pathogenesis and morphological variants of uterine mimomas (literature review) 

Nikita S. Averkin, Candidate of medical sciences, associate professor of the sub-department Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), averkin.n@list.ru
Mariya G. Fedorova, Candidate of medical sciences, associate professor, head of the sub-department of morphology, Medical Institute, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia),  fedorovamerry@gmail.com
Zhanna S. Vishnyakova, Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor, associate professor of the sub-department of morphology, Medical Institute, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia),  zhanna_2000@mail.ru
Oksana P. Evseeva, Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the sub-department of morphology, Medical Institute, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia),  kmismsko@mail.ru
Tat'yana V. Pryazhentseva, Student, Medical Institute, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia),  t.pryazhentsewa2018@mail.ru

Uterine leiomyoma is a benign tumor, consisting of smooth muscle cells with a variable amount of fibrous stroma. This is the most common tumor (found in 25% of women of reproductive age). This article presents current data on the etiology, pathogenesis and morphology of uterine leiomyoma. Previously unknown factors and mechanisms that cause the development of uterine fibroids have been identified. Morphological forms of uterine fibroids are systematized, their structural characteristics are described in detail. Up-to-date generalized data on uterine fibroids have been collected. The role of extracellular matrix in tumor development is discussed. Previously, it was believed that antitumor therapy should reduce the proliferation of smooth myocytes. However, in the treatment of a tumor, it is important to take into account all its morphological characteristics. Including connective tissue, which may become a new therapeutic target. This approach can help to improve the outcomes and quality of life of patients. To date, several etiopathogenetic factors of uterine leiomyoma are known, including: hormonal features, genetic susceptibility, chromosomal abnormalities and point mutations. The variety of morphological and histological variants of uterine leiomyoma is great, each of them has its own characteristics. The extracellular matrix can be considered as a therapeutic target for current and future treatment methods.

 review, morphology, extracellular matrix, tumor, leiomyoma

Averkin N.S., Fedorova M.G., Vishnyakova Zh.S., Evseeva O.P., Pryazhentseva T.V. Etiology, pathogenesis and morphological variants of uterine mimomas (literature review). Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Povolzhskiy region. Meditsinskie nauki = University proceedings. Volga region. Medical sciences. 2023;(3):172–187. (In Russ.). doi: 10.21685/2072-3032-2023-3-17